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Neck injuries due to low severity vehicle crashes are of worldwide concern and the risk is higher for females than for males. The objective of ADSEAT is to provide guidance on how to evaluate the protective performance of vehicle seat designs aiming to reduce the incidence of neck injuries for female and male occupants. The main achievements are: reviewing injury risk, establishing anthropometric data of an average female, performing dynamic volunteer tests comprising females and males, developing a finite element model of an average female and performing sled tests with a scaled down male dummy.

Scientific research has a gender gap, and not just among humans. In many disciplines, the animals used to study diseases and drugs are overwhelmingly male, which may significantly reduce the reliability of research and lead to drugs that won’t work in half the population.

A large literature has demonstrated the important role of spinal microglia in chronic pain processing. This paper demonstrates that microglia are required in male but not female mice. In female mice, a similar function appears to be subserved by adaptive immune cell, likely T lymphocytes.

Evaluate how gender impacts Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs), as well as, how this translates into effects on the Minimum Important Difference (MID) in device ‐related orthopaedic surgery